By Daniel L. Bishop, AIA, Hoffmann Architects + Engineers
Improving the thermal performance of existing building façades is a critical strategy for reducing energy consumption, lowering carbon emissions, and enhancing occupant comfort. This article examines how heat moves through façade assemblies via conduction, convection, and radiation, and explores practical retrofit solutions that improve building enclosure performance.
Participants will review key control measures, including insulation, air barriers, low-emissivity glazing, and solar control strategies, while learning how benchmarking, energy modeling, thermography, and architectural assessments inform rehabilitation decisions. The article also compares common retrofit approaches—from interior insulation and fenestration upgrades to build-over systems and full façade replacement—highlighting their benefits, limitations, and design considerations. Through real-world case studies, participants will gain the knowledge needed to evaluate existing facades and select appropriate thermal performance upgrades that support energy efficiency, building durability, and long-term sustainability.
Learning Objectives
After completing this course, participants will be able to:
- Understand modes of heat transfer and their impact on building performance.
- Interpret key thermal performance metrics and their applications.
- Identify effective retrofit strategies for improving facade energy efficiency.
- Apply diagnostic and modeling tools to assess and optimize building enclosures.
About the Author
Daniel L. Bishop is Vice President and Director, Architecture with Hoffmann Architects + Engineers (www.hoffarch.com). As manager of the firm’s Virginia office, he oversees project teams in developing energy retrofits for existing building enclosure systems, and he provides consultation for new construction on the thermal performance of exterior assemblies.


